SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF Serum

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Prevent, SkinCeuticals, cosmeceutical, Vitamin C, protect, protection, free radicals, Phloretin, stronger skin, youthful skin, radiant skin, natural, normal skin, oily skin, firmer skin Phloretin: Derived from apples and the root bark of fruit trees including apple, pear, and grapefruit, this antioxidant neutralizes damaging free radicals, helps improve cell turnover, and improves the appearance of discoloration A considerable level of research has been done in the past few years to show that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of several compounds are mediated through the expression of the Nrf2, which derives macrophage to anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2). The Nrf2 is another master transcription factorthat regulates the cellular response to inflammationand oxidative stress. The Nrf2 binds to the regulatory regions (antioxidant response element (ARE)) of target genes to upregulate the expression of cytoprotective or antioxidant enzymes such as phase II detoxification enzymes and stress proteins. By far the most characterised genes/proteins under the regulatory control of Nrf2 are haeme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1, HO-1), glutamate-cysteine ligase, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione- S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxiredoxin (PRDX1), and ferritin. The Nrf2 activity depends on the negative regulator, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1, also called electrophile response element), which binds to it and presents it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by proteosomes. External stimuli such as ROS-based electrophilic reaction with Keap1 lead to the inactivation of Keap1 and leave the Nrf2 stable or available for nuclear translocation, and transcriptional induction of Nrf2-target genes. Alternative mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation are also known but not discussed herein. For details of Nrf2 regulation in inflammation/oxidative stress, readers should refer to review articles on this topic [ 56, 57, 58, 59]. In this line, phloretin (50 μM) treatment of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages have been shown to reduce the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages through the upregulation of the Nrf2-signalling pathway [ 33]. In macrophages stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, the levels of ROS and mRNA of proinflammatory genes NOS2, IL-6, COX2,and IL-12 were all shown to be reduced by phloretin, while Nrf2-response genes, HO-1and NQO1were activated. Interestingly, Keap1 degradation in macrophages was enhanced by phloretin. Furthermore, phloretin treatment led to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and activation in macrophages which was shown to be associated with cell autophagy (see details in Section 12). In an in vivo model, a macrophage-driven experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was reported to be suppressed by phloretin (50 mg/kg, i.p.). This was evidenced by increased expression of anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic factors, i.e., IL-4, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the spinal cord of EAE animals, elevated Nrf2 signalling in the CNS and increased mRNA expression of Nrf2 and its downstream targets, NQO1 and GPX1. The other major pathway of the anti-inflmmmatory mechanism for phloretin is the activation of the Nrf2 transcription pathway. This common mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in various cells appears to be shared by many cytoprotective agents. In many experiments, the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 axis is extensively explored as with modulation by phloretin discussed in this communication under the various sections [ 33, 70, 78, 94, 100, 101, 120]. The Nrf2 signalling has also been shown to be relevant in the anti-inflammatory effect of phlorein in non-immunological cell types. For example, in LPS-stimulated retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19 cell line), phloretin was shown to suppress the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF) through a mechanism associated with an increased level of Nrf2 expression [ 120].

In the morning, after cleanser and before sunscreen to boost its sun protection. You could potentially use it in the evening as well, but I prefer to alternate my actives and use Vitamin C in the morning and retinol or an exfoliant at night. Anti-inflammatory effect of phloretin through inhibition of phosphorylation of MAPKs and IκBα. Most of the studies on the activation of inflammatory mediators from immune cells employed LPS which interacts with its receptor, TLR4. While a direct effect on TLR1/2 has been suggested, most of the data indicate an inhibitory effect on NF-κB mobilization to the nucleus. The LPS response shown by blue arrows includes the degradation of the NF-κB inhibitory protein, IκBα, via promoting its phosphorylation. This frees the p65/p50 to mobilise to the nucleus and activate inflammatory target genes such as COX, iNOS, and cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Phloretin has been shown the suppress the NF-κB activity by inhibiting IκBα degradation (see red lines). The exact mechanism of how the MAPK activity leads to the activation of proinflammatory genes has not yet been fully established but the key steps after induction by inflammatory agents such as LPS is the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK which have been shown to be targeted by phloretin (see red lines). Note that other pro-inflammatory agents such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 can also activate the MAPK and NF-κB pathways by interacting with their cell-surface receptors. Daily use of a properly formulated pure vitamin C antioxidant neutralizes free radicals and helps prevent environmental damage. Patented Phloretin CF is a high-performance antioxidant serum with 10% pure vitamin C, 2% phloretin, and 0.5% ferulic acid demonstrated to visibly improve discoloration by 19% and fine lines by 24% for a more even, radiant skin tone.)What are the Best Skin Care Products of 2023? What are the key ingredients in SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF? Text, 16% improvement in skin tone evenness in 24 weeks. 24% improvement in skin firmness in 24 weeks. Dr. Webster’s Recommendation: SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF is an extremely popular antioxidant for daytime use as it helps to reduce and prevent dark marks on the skin. In more recent studies it has shown a 20% improvement in more even skin tone. It is important for everyone to use an antioxidant together with sunscreen during the day but even more so for people who spend a great deal of time outdoors, especially in more urban or industrial areas. The effect of phloretin on LPS-induced stimulation of macrophages could be a result of a direct effect on TLRs. Kim et al. [ 49] assessed TLR2/1 heterodimerization and signalling in RAW 264.7 cells by using a selective agonist, Pam 3CSK 4. They have shown that phloretin displays molecular interactions with TLR2/1 and modulates the TLR2 signalling pathway leading to suppressed NF-κB phosphorylation and TNF-α production. Cheon et al. [ 50] used the Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin infection model to examine the effect of phloretin on the TLR-2-mediated inflammatory signalling in human keratinocytes. By measuring secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) activity induced by either Pam 3CSK 4 or by P. acnes in HEK-Blue TM-hTLR2 cells, which are designed for studying the stimulation of TLR-2 via activation of NF-κB, they were able to confirm the signalling pathway associated with the inhibitory effect of phloretin (5–50 µM). In a similar manor, the P. acnes-stimulated levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12 as well as phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HaCaT cells was inhibited by phloretin through inhibition of the TLR-2 signalling pathway. While the study by Chang et al. [ 36] (see above) demonstrated phlorizin displays weak or no effect when applied directly on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage, positive results were reported for phlorizin metabolites. When tested at low concentrations (1–5 μg/mL), phloretin 4- O-β-D-glucuronide, 6-methoxyl-phloretin-2- O-β-D-glucuronide, and phloretin-2- O-β-D-glucuronide inhibited NO production and iNOS protein expression [ 51]. Their effect on cytokine expression could however vary and hence a more comprehensive in vivo analysis is needed to assess the potential of phlorizin metabolites as anti-inflammatory agents. This study confirms the protective role of a unique mixture of antioxidants containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin on human skin from the harmful effects of UV irradiation. Phloretin, in addition to being a potent antioxidant, may stabilize and increase the skin availability of topically applied vitamin C and ferulic acid. We propose that antioxidant mixture will complement and synergize with sunscreens in providing photoprotection for human skin.”

Two: Every ingredient has the potential to be irritating for someone. Believe it or not, there are people who are allergic to plain old water. The fewer ingredients you use, the lower the chance of causing someone an irritation. Well done, Skinceuticals. Hi, I'm Gio! I’m a tell-it-like-it-is skin coach and author on a mission to help you achieve your best skin day ever - every day. Irritation:High concentrations (%15) of L-Ascorbic Acid – especially at the low pH (below 3) it needs to work its magic – can irritate skin, especially if it’s sensitive. Phloretin CF uses 10%, a concentration that’s sensitive skin-friendly. Alcohol Denat is one of the most misunderstood ingredients in skincare. Word on the street is that it’s terribly drying and irritating. Did you know that SkinCeuticals Founding Scientist Sheldon Pinnell, M.D. filed the first vitamin C patent in 1992? This discovery paved the way for an entirely new skin care category: topical vitamin C. Thus, it makes sense that vitamin C is included in many SkinCeuticals skincare products, with SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF being no exception. This antioxidant serum features a patented synergistic combination of 10% pure vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), 2% phloretin, and 0.5% ferulic acid. We’ll discuss each of these ingredients in detail below so you’ll know exactly how they affect your skin.

Should I use Phloretin CF or C E Ferulic?

In other words, for me, Skinceuticals CE Ferulic wins hands down in every respect. But hey, if you’re curious to try Phloretin, you’ll still get a few antioxidant benefits. How Does Skinceuticals Phloretin CF Compare To The Other Skinceuticals Vitamin C Serums?

Due to air and light exposure, vitamin C products can darken after opening. The formula will remain effective. This broad-spectrum treatment provides advanced environmental protection to defend skin against the reactive molecules (including free radicals) that are known to cause cellular damage. In addition to its superior antioxidant capabilities, it has been proven to correct existing damage from the inside out.The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro pyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) model in mice was employed to explore the neuroprotective effect of phloretin [ 103]. Beyond improving the behavioural symptoms of PD and striatal dopamine level, the increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in brain tissues were suppressed by phloretin treatment (5 mg/kg, p.o.). Moreover, microglial and astrocytes markers expression (glial fibrillary acidic protein, allograft inflammatory factor 1 (Iba-1), iNOS, and COX2), which were increased by MPTP, were also suppressed by phloretin. Given the small dose used in this study, phloretin can be considered a potent inhibitor of neuroinflammation under PD conditions. In the D-GalN-induced aging model of mice, the neuroprotective effect of phlorizin (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.) was shown by improvement in memory functions and reversal of histopathological alterations and biochemical parameters of oxidative stress (MDA content and SOD and CAT activities in the serum, liver, and brain) and inflammatory markers (NF-κB activation and IL-1β expression in brain tissues) [ 104]. Correlation between these changes and microbiota alterations as well as restoration also suggests the microbiota-brain axis of neuroprotection. It would be interesting to know whether phloretin could also show similar effects in this experimental model. In the LPS-induced cognitive impairment in mice, phlorizin (10–20 mg/kg, oral) also restored memory functions along with reversing the decreased level of antioxidants (SOD and GSH), the brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and cholinergic transmission (increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE)) in the hippocampus and cortex [ 105]. On the other hand, phlorizin reversed the increased levels of inflammatory/oxidative markers (TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA). In a sporadic rat model of Alzheimer’s disease induced by injection of Aβ 25–35, phloretin has been shown to improve the spatial memory formation and retention and antioxidant markers as well as the level of TNF-α in the brain homogenates [ 106]. Pure vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid): Lauded for its superior antioxidant benefits, this highly potent form of pure vitamin C neutralizes damaging free radicals and protects against oxidative stress while providing visible anti-aging benefits

Once absorbed this antioxidant remains effective for a minimum of 72 hours, enhancing the benefits of your normal sunscreen.The most common skin concern during pregnancy is hyperpigmenation. According to the British Association of Dermatologists, it can affect up to 50% of women during their pregnancy, because hormones are slightly out of kilter and your body starts to produce more oestrogen. Combined with an increase in photosensitivity, this presents itself as large patches of discolouration on the face. The increase in oestrogen is also why your areola (the round area around your nipples) darkens.